- ls – List directory contents
- cd – Change directory
- mv – Move or rename files or directories
- cp – Copy files or directories
- rm – Remove files or directories
- mkdir – Create directories
- cat – Display contents of a file
- grep – Search for patterns in files
- chmod – Change file permissions
- chown – Change file ownership
- find – Search for files in a directory hierarchy
- top – Display processes
- ps – Display processes
- kill – Send a signal to a process
- ifconfig – Configure network interfaces
- ping – Test network connectivity
- ssh – Secure remote login
- tar – Create and extract archives
- gzip – Compress or decompress files
- nano – Text editor
- vi – Text editor
- df – Check disk space
- du – Check disk usage
- sort – Sort lines of text
- uniq – Remove duplicate lines from a file
